Cryoglobulinemia: the “cold” problem in cardiac surgery, a single-center experience and a literature review

Table 3 Perioperative management for cryobulinemic patients

Cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia management strategies for cryoglobulinemia
Preoperative management
-Plasmapheresis and/or plasma exchange [30, 32,33,34,35]
-Immunosuppressive therapy [30, 32, 34]
-Steroids [30, 32,33,34,35]
Intraoperative management
-Warm/cold blood cardioplegia and systemic warming [31,32,33, 35]
-Warm/cold blood cardioplegia and mild hypothermia (temperature above cryoprecipitation threshold) [28, 34]
-Hypothermia after negative cryo test [30]

ISSN: 2731-3786