Table 1 Large-scale randomised clinical trials on vitamin D supplementation in hospitalised patients
From: Update on vitamin D role in severe infections and sepsis
Authors, year of publication | Study sites | Study duration | Number of patients | Inclusion criteria | Intervention | Primary outcome | Patients characteristics | Main result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amrein et al. 2014 [26] | Single centre, Austria | 2012–2015 | 475 | Adult white critically ill patients, expected length of ICU stay ≥  48 h and with 25-hydroxyvitamin D blood level of 20 ≤ ng/mL | Enteral vitamin D3 protocol administration: 540,000 IUs followed by monthly 90,000 IU for 5 months Vs Placebo | Length of hospital stay | Surgical patients were prevalent Severe infections/sepsis: ~ 8% at admission | No difference for the primary outcome |
Ginde et al. 2019 [27] | 44 centres, USA | 2017–2018 | 1078 | Adult patients with with > 1 risk factors for death or lung injury, deemed to be managed in the ICU and with 25-hydroxyvitamin D blood level ≤ 20 ng/mL | Enteral vitamin D3 protocol administration: 540,000 IUs Vs Placebo | 90-day mortality rate | Medical patients were prevalent Severe infections/sepsis: ~ 33% | No difference for the primary outcome |
Murai et al. 2021 [29] | 2 centres, Brazil | 2020 | 240 | Adult patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 | Oral vitamin D3 protocol administration: 200,000 IUs Vs Placebo | Length of hospital stay | Severe infections/sepsis: not declared | No difference for the primary outcome |
Mariani et al. 2022 [90] | 17 centres, Argentina | 2020–2021 | 218 | Adult patients admitted to general ward in the last 24 h with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and risk factors for disease progression | Oral vitamin D3: 500,000 IUs Vs Placebo | Change in the respiratory SOFA between baseline and the highest rSOFA recorded up to day 7 | Severe infections/sepsis: not declared | No difference for the primary outcome |