Fig. 4

Diaphragmatic ultrasound. Diaphragmatic ultrasound for thickness (A) and excursion (B) are depicted. A Diaphragmatic is described as a three-layers structure involving a hypoechoic stratum between two hyperechoic edges, i.e., external pleural line and internal peritoneal lines; diaphragmatic thickness changes at varying phases of respiratory cycle. B Diaphragmatic displacement variations in response to respiratory cycle. Red, inspiratory excursion; Blue, expiratory excursion