Implementation of video-calls between patients admitted to intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic and their families: a pilot study of psychological effects

Table 4 Subgroup analyses according to the results of questionnaires for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder between video-calls (“timing”) according to the patient’s survival in the intensive care unit (ICU)

Test		T₁	T₂	p-value (timing)
CES-D	ICU survivors	15.3 ± 6.7	20.2 ± 10.5	p = 0.04
	Non survivors	27.6 ± 10.6	25.1 ± 7.4	p = 0.19
	p-value (survival)	p = 0.005	p = 0.29
HADS anxiety	ICU survivors	8.5 ± 2.4	7.1 ± 3.9	p = 0.23
	Non survivors	8.1 ± 4.3	9.6 ± 4.6	p = 0.57
	p-value (survival)	p = 0.83	p = 0.23
HADS depression	ICU survivors	9.1 ± 1.0	8.5 ± 4.5	p = 0.61
	Non survivors	8.9 ± 4.4	8.7 ± 4.4	p = 0.96
	p-value (survival)	p = 0.82	p = 0.93
IES-R	ICU survivors	17.2 ± 9.6	19.9 ± 12.6	p = 0.14
	Non survivors	27.7 ± 10	28.9 ± 8.7	p = 0.74
	p-value (survival)	p = 0.03	p = 0.11

CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (depression), IES-R Impact of Event Scale-Revised, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (depression or anxiety version)

ISSN: 2731-3786