Fig. 3

Flow-controlled ventilation (FCV) compared to volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV). FCV requires a high resistant breathing circuit to prevent passive expiration and to fully control ventilation. FCV is a fully dynamic ventilation providing stable gas flow into and out of the patient lungs, without frequent phases of no-flow. FCV aims for linear increases and decreases in intratracheal pressures, with no sudden pressure drops at the beginning of expiration, and constant flows during inspiration and expiration