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Table 5 Cox regression analysis

From: Predictor factors for non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure in severe COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit: a single-center retrospective study

Variable

Univariate Cox regression

Multivariate Cox regression (adjusted for the Charlson Comorbidity Index)

HR (CI95%)

p-value

HRAdj (CI95%)

p-value

Gender, male

0.82 (0.42–1.59)

0.5533

0.84 (0.43–1.65)

0.6143

Age

1.04 (1.00–1.07)

0.0372

1.00 (0.95–1.05)

0.9315

BMI

0.99 (0.92–1.05)

0.6700

1.00 (0.94–1.07)

0.9212

Ward LOS

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

0.9638

0.99 (0.96–1.03)

0.7481

Charlson Comorbidity Index

1.32 (1.10–1.57)

0.0024

Hypertension

1.11 (0.58–2.12)

0.7499

0.81 (0.41–1.59)

0.5380

Obesity

1.34 (0.65–2.78)

0.4287

1.76 (0.83–3.74)

0.1381

Diabets

1.70 (0.89–3.26)

0.1065

0.98 (0.45–2.13)

0.9592

COPD

2.33 (1.13–4.79)

0.0212

1.51 (0.69–3.30)

0.2993

CAD

2.56 (1.16–5.64)

0.0199

1.81 (0.80–4.11)

0.1535

pH

0.15 (0.00–33.93)

0.4953

17.11 (0.06–4463.02)

0.3170

PaO2

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.7803

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.0843

PaCO2

0.98 (0.94–1.03)

0.4053

1.00 (0.96–1.03)

0.9155

Lactate

1.36 (0.83–2.24)

0.2244

0.88 (0.50–1.57)

0.6719

PaO2/FiO2

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.3118

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.0181

FiO2

4.22 (0.58–30.40)

0.1531

5.52 (0.66–46.00)

0.1146

Ventilation mode, PSV

2.43 (0.74–7.92)

0.1410

2.07 (0.63–6.84)

0.2332

PEEP

1.10 (0.86–1.40)

0.4339

1.11 (0.85–1.46)

0.4305

Pressure support

0.89 (0.77–1.02)

0.0852

0.91 (0.79–1.04)

0.1846

Glicemia

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.0714

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.8372

Azotemia

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.7315

0.99 (0.99–1.00)

0.3478

Creatinine

1.09 (0.63–1.88)

07611

0.69 (0.39–1.23)

0.2094

eGFR

0.99 (0.98–1.01)

0.4092

1.00 (0.99–1.02)

0.3930

Total protein

1.28 (0.52–3.16)

0.5907

1.13 (0.47–2.71)

0.7744

Albumin

0.49 (0.21–1.17)

0.1079

0.52 (0.20–1.32)

0.1673

Bilirubin

1.08 (0.80–1.45)

0.6109

0.99 (0.74–1.32)

0.9494

Ammonium

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.9765

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

0.6060

Sodium

1.00 (0.96–1.05)

0.8205

1.00 (0.95–1.04)

0.9191

Potassium

0.60 (0.33–1.08)

0.0883

0.75 (0.41–1.37)

0.3536

Clorum

1.00 (0.93–1.06)

0.9048

0.98 (0.92–1.05)

0.6350

Calcium

0.51 (0.28–0.93)

0.0288

0.55 (0.29–1.03)

0.0626

Magnesium

0.68 (0.27–1.71)

0.4110

0.92 (0.36–2.34)

0.8621

AST

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.4030

1.01 (0.99–1.02)

0.2631

ALT

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.0599

0.99 (0.98–1.00)

0.1900

LDH

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.3968

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.4288

CPK

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.0491

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.0064

Troponin

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.0323

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.0823

Mioglobin

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.4230

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.9568

CK-MB

1.08 (1.01–1.16)

0.0269

1.06 (0.98–1.15)

0.1271

BNP

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.1776

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.7786

Hb

0.86 (0.69–1.07)

0.1800

0.95 (0.75–1.20)

0.6466

WBC

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.7677

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.6782

Neutrophil

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.7523

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.7071

Limphocyte

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.3318

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.2168

Eosinophil

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.4216

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.7185

Monocyte

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.7885

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.7783

Basophil

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.2188

1.00 (0.99–1.00)

0.4400

Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio

1.02 (0.99–1.06)

0.1794

1.02 (0.99–1.06)

0.2176

Platelet

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.2903

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.8352

aPTT

1.03 (0.99–1.06)

0.1466

1.03 (0.99–1.08)

0.1072

INR

2.60 (1.27–5.34)

0.0090

2.32 (1.10–4.85)

0.0262

Firbinogen

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.3873

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.8126

D-dimer

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.1273

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.5689

AT III

0.97 (0.95–0.99)

0.0015

0.98 (0.96–0.99)

0.0249

CRP

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.8349

1.00 (1.00–1.01)

0.9794

PCT

1.05 (0.99–1.11)

0.0758

1.06 (0.99–1.12)

0.0738

SOFA

1.21 (0.91–1.61)

0.1807

1.08 (0.83–1.40)

0.5789

Tocilizumab

0.57 (0.24–1.36)

0.2053

0.72 (0.30–1.76)

0.4737

Remdesivir

0.73 (0.18–3.05)

0.6699

0.96 (0.23–4.08)

0.9607

  1. The table reports the results of univariate and multivariate (considering the Charlson Comorbidity Index) Cox regression analysis for single variables. Hazard ratio (HR), adjusted HR (HRAdj) with CI95% were computed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant