Table 2 NIV-failed vs NIV-successful groups: demographic, comorbidities, blood gas analysis, and ventilation setting parameter statistical analysis

Male gender (%)

28 (63.6%)

34 (89.5%)

0.0069

Age (years)

69.4 ± 7.8

59.0 ± 12.4

< 0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

27.4 [25.1–31.0]

28.7 [25.2–38.0]

0.1215

NIV day (days)

5.0 [3.0–9.0]

4.5 [3.0–8.0]

0.7931

Ward LOS (days)

4.0 [0.0–7.0]

3.0 [0.0–7.0]

0.8540

ICU LOS (day)

10.0 [7.0–13.0]

5.0 [4.0–8.0]

< 0.0001

Survived (%)

1 (2.3%)

36 (94.7%)

< 0.0001

Charlson Comorbidity Index

4 [3–4]

2 [1–3]

<0.0001

Hypertension (%)

28 (63.6%)

17 (44.7%)

0.0863

Obesity (%)

12 (27.3%)

15 (39.5%)

0.2411

Diabets (%)

15 (34.1%)

7 (18.4%)

0.1103

COPD (%)

12 (27.3%)

3 (7.9%)

0.0236

CAD (%)

8 (18.2%)

2 (5.3%)

0.0764

CKD (%)

3 (6.8%)

1 (2.6%)

0.3801

Endocrinological disease (%)

4 (9.1%)

0 (0.0%)

0.0567

Atrial fibrillation (%)

3 (6.8%)

1 (2.6%)

0.3801

DVT (%)

2 (4.5%)

1 (2.6%)

0.6453

CVD (%)

3 (6.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0.1010

Asthma (%)

0 (0.0%)

3 (7.9%)

0.0579

Autoimmune disease (%)

3 (6.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0.1010

Hematological disease (%)

1 (2.3%)

1 (2.6%)

0.9163

OSAS (%)

1 (2.3%)

1 (2.6%)

0.9163

Neurological disorder (%)

2 (4.5%)

0 (0.0%)

0.1833

Liver disease (%)

1 (2.3%)

0 (0.0%)

0.3498

pH

7.45 [7.44–7.49]

7.46 [7.43–7.48]

0.8280

PaO₂(mmHg)

81.0 [74.0–106.7]

91.0 [77.2–104.4]

0.7977

PaCO₂(mmHg)

36.0 [30.2–42.0]

39.0 [34.5–42.2]

0.2650

Lactate (mmol/L)

1.5 [1.3–1.9]

1.2 [1.0–1.6]

0.0070

PaO₂/FiO₂

111.0 [93.0–182.7]

127.0 [116.2–173.2]

0.2379

CPAP (%)

3 (6.8%)

10 (26.3%)

0.0166

PEEP (cmH₂O)

10.0 [10.0–10.0]

10.0 [10.0–11.0]

0.4785

Pressure support (cmH₂O)

6.0 [5.0–10.0]

9.0 [7.0–10.0]

0.0393