|
Variable
|
NIV-failed (n = 44)
|
NIV-successful (n = 38)
|
p-value
|
|---|
|
Demographic data
|
|
Male gender (%)
|
28 (63.6%)
|
34 (89.5%)
|
0.0069
|
|
Age (years)
|
69.4 ± 7.8
|
59.0 ± 12.4
|
< 0.0001
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
27.4 [25.1–31.0]
|
28.7 [25.2–38.0]
|
0.1215
|
|
NIV day (days)
|
5.0 [3.0–9.0]
|
4.5 [3.0–8.0]
|
0.7931
|
|
Ward LOS (days)
|
4.0 [0.0–7.0]
|
3.0 [0.0–7.0]
|
0.8540
|
|
ICU LOS (day)
|
10.0 [7.0–13.0]
|
5.0 [4.0–8.0]
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Survived (%)
|
1 (2.3%)
|
36 (94.7%)
|
< 0.0001
|
|
Comorbidities
|
|
Charlson Comorbidity Index
|
4 [3–4]
|
2 [1–3]
|
<0.0001
|
|
Hypertension (%)
|
28 (63.6%)
|
17 (44.7%)
|
0.0863
|
|
Obesity (%)
|
12 (27.3%)
|
15 (39.5%)
|
0.2411
|
|
Diabets (%)
|
15 (34.1%)
|
7 (18.4%)
|
0.1103
|
|
COPD (%)
|
12 (27.3%)
|
3 (7.9%)
|
0.0236
|
|
CAD (%)
|
8 (18.2%)
|
2 (5.3%)
|
0.0764
|
|
CKD (%)
|
3 (6.8%)
|
1 (2.6%)
|
0.3801
|
|
Endocrinological disease (%)
|
4 (9.1%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.0567
|
|
Atrial fibrillation (%)
|
3 (6.8%)
|
1 (2.6%)
|
0.3801
|
|
DVT (%)
|
2 (4.5%)
|
1 (2.6%)
|
0.6453
|
|
CVD (%)
|
3 (6.8%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.1010
|
|
Asthma (%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
3 (7.9%)
|
0.0579
|
|
Autoimmune disease (%)
|
3 (6.8%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.1010
|
|
Hematological disease (%)
|
1 (2.3%)
|
1 (2.6%)
|
0.9163
|
|
OSAS (%)
|
1 (2.3%)
|
1 (2.6%)
|
0.9163
|
|
Neurological disorder (%)
|
2 (4.5%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.1833
|
|
Liver disease (%)
|
1 (2.3%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
0.3498
|
|
Arterial blood gas analysis and ventilation parameters
|
|
pH
|
7.45 [7.44–7.49]
|
7.46 [7.43–7.48]
|
0.8280
|
|
PaO2(mmHg)
|
81.0 [74.0–106.7]
|
91.0 [77.2–104.4]
|
0.7977
|
|
PaCO2(mmHg)
|
36.0 [30.2–42.0]
|
39.0 [34.5–42.2]
|
0.2650
|
|
Lactate (mmol/L)
|
1.5 [1.3–1.9]
|
1.2 [1.0–1.6]
|
0.0070
|
|
PaO2/FiO2
|
111.0 [93.0–182.7]
|
127.0 [116.2–173.2]
|
0.2379
|
|
CPAP (%)
|
3 (6.8%)
|
10 (26.3%)
|
0.0166
|
|
PEEP (cmH2O)
|
10.0 [10.0–10.0]
|
10.0 [10.0–11.0]
|
0.4785
|
|
Pressure support (cmH2O)
|
6.0 [5.0–10.0]
|
9.0 [7.0–10.0]
|
0.0393
|
- The table reports the statistical comparison of demographic, comorbidities, blood gas analysis, and ventilation setting parameters between the groups. Frequencies are expressed as numbers and percentages (%). Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median, first and third quartile [q1–q3]. In case of missing data, statistics were performed on available data. Differences in frequencies were tested with the chi-square test. Differences in continuous variables were tested with two-tailed Student’s t-test (equal variance) or Welch’s test (unequal variance) or, for not normally distributed continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney test. All tests were performed with an α = 0.05, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
