Table 2 Summary of the major studies published in the last 5 years about ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter
Author and year | Type of study | N | Type of patients | Cutoff (mm) | Main results and conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Subramanian S. et al., 2021 [21] | Prospective observational | 51 | Patients with hydrocephalus and pre-procedure | 5.5 | ONSD on postoperative day 7 after CSF diversion correlates well with early surgical outcome. Rise in postoperative day 7 ONSD at follow-up correlates with failure of the CSF diversion procedure |
Grupt and Pachisia, 2019 [22] | Prospective observational | 100 | All patients in whom lumbar puncture was indicated | 6.3 | There is a positive correlation of ONSD and CSF pressure. ONSD of >0.63 cm suggests a CSF pressure of >20 cm of water. |
Agrawal, D et al., 2021 [23] | Prospective, blinded study of diagnostic accuracy | 120 | Consecutive patients with severe TBI | 7.2 | The optimal threshold was >0.72cm, with sensitivity 82% and specificity 79%. Optimal ODE threshold was >0.04cm, with sensitivity 90% and specificity 71%. |
Çelik K et al., 2021 [24] | Prospective observational | 162 | TBI | - | A negative correlation was detected between ONSD values and GCS values and ONSD significantly increased in patients who died. |
Xu H, et al., 2022 [25] | Prospective observational | 529 | Hemorrhagic stroke | 5.9 | ONSD of the poor outcome group was significantly greater than that of the favorable outcome group. ONSD improved the accuracy of ultraearly hematoma growth in the prediction of poor outcome by ROC curve. |
Manouchehrifar M. et al., 2018 [26] | Prospective observational | 80 | Hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke | 6.0 | ONDS has moderate accuracy in differentiation of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke |
Yüzbaşıoğlu Y., et al., 2018 [27] | Prospective, cross-sectional | 108 | Cerebrovascular disorders | 5.7 | A positive relationship was determined between NIHSS scores and ONSD values. The specificity and sensitivity values were determined as 98.1% and 81.8%, respectively, for a cutoff value of 5 mm and as 100% and 72.7%, respectively, for a cutoff value of 6 mm |
Wang Li-juan, et al., 2018 [28] | Prospective observational | 60 | Suspected of having elevated ICP for various reasons | 5.8 | ICP and ONSD values obtained on admission were strongly correlated. The dilated ONSDs decreased along with the elevated ICP reduction at follow-up 1 month. |
Jeon J. P. et al., 2017 [29] | Prospective observational | 63 | Patients who required an external ventricular drainage | 5.6 | ONSD > 5.6 mm disclosed a sensitivity of 93.75% and a specificity of 86.67% for identifying increased ICP (over 20 mmHg). |
Liu D. et al., 2017 [30] | Prospective observational | 110 | Patients who underwent lumber puncture | 5.6 | A significant correlation was found between ICP and body mass index. A discriminant equation for predicting ICP = 0.169 × BMI + 1.484 × mean ONSD-12.74. |
Ebraheim AM, et al., 2018 [31] | Prospective, observational | 54 | Idiopathic intracranial hypertension. | 6.2 | ONSD was significantly higher in patients compared to controls. ONSD could be a valuable noninvasive additional tool to diagnose and monitor IIH patients. IIH insignificantly influences ophthalmic vessels hemodynamics. |
Kishk N. A. et al., 2018 [32] | Case-control | 99 | Idiopathic intracranial hypertension | 6.05 | The best estimated cut-off value of the ONSD in detecting IIH was 6.05 mm. The sensitivity and the specificity were 73.2% and 91.4%, respectively. ONSD but not OND/ONSD ratio could offer a bedside adjunct or alternative indicator of elevated ICP for these patients. |
Onder H. et al., 2021 [33] | Prospective, observational | 103 | Idiopathic intracranial hypertension | 6.3 | The right ONSD values were higher in the IIH group. Using a cut-off of 6.3 mm, ONSD had the following performance characteristics: sensitivity 18%, specificity 81%. |
Robba C et al., 2020 [8] | Prospective, observational | 100 | Neurological patients with invasive ICP monitoring for risk of | ≥ 6.0 | The area under the curve to estimate intracranial hypertension was 0.78 for ONSD. The multimodal combination of ONSD and eICP may increase the accuracy to estimate the occurrence of intracranial hypertension. |
Robba C et al., 2017 [34] | Prospective, single-cohort observational | 64 | Brain injury requiring invasive ICP monitoring | 5.85 | ONSD is the best estimator of ICP. Model that best fitted the data: nICP ONSD : 5.00 × ONSD − 13.92mm Hg |
Canakci Y. et al., 2018 [35] | Prospective, observational | 100 | patients who applied to the ER with the complaint of headache | ≥5.0 | In all cases with abnormal CT findings, ONSD measurements were significantly higher. ONSD value in the ipsilateral side with the lesion was significantly higher than the contralateral side. |
Yazar M. À. et al., 2019 [36] | Prospective observational | 45 | Brain death | - | ONSD values of group brain (7.55 ±.29) death were significantly higher than both control group (5.07 ±.32) and comatose patients 6.99 ± .42.) |
Robles-Caballero A. et al., 2021 [37] | Prospective cross-sectional | 99 | Brain death | - | ONSD values capable of recognizing CBF were not identified. |
Ortner C. M. et al., 2018 [38] | Prospective observational cohort | 95 | Preeclampsia | 5.8 | ONSD were common in preeclampsia with severe features. |
Simenc G. B. et al., 2018 [39] | Prospective, observational | 60 | Preeclampsia | 5.8 | ONDS diameter was significantly higher in patients with severe preeclampsia compared to controls before delivery, and one day and four days post-delivery |
Sterrett M. E. et al., 2022 [40] | Cohort | 62 | Pregnant women | 5.8 | There was not a significant elevated optic nerve sheath diameter relative risk between severe preeclampsia patients with neurologic features and non-preeclampsia control patients |
Ertl M. et al., 2018 [41] | Prospective, observational | Post cardiac arrest | 5.75 | Nonsurvivors showed significantly higher ONSD values (P < .001). For predicting mortality, a threshold of 5.75 mm was calculated with a specificity of 100%. | |
Yang 12/12/2022 11:50:00 AM Z et al., 2020 [42] | Prospective observational | 90 | Septic | 5.5 | The ONSD of patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy was significantly wider than non-sepsis-associated encephalopathy patients. |
Donovan J. et al., 2021 [43] | Prospective observational | 107 | Tuberculous meningitis | 5.5 | Higher baseline ONSD was associated with more severe disease and abnormal brain imaging and increased death by 3 months. |