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Table 3 Subgroup analyses regarding the tests for depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder between video-calls (“timing”) and according to the reason for intensive care admission (“diagnosis”)

From: Implementation of video-calls between patients admitted to intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic and their families: a pilot study of psychological effects

Test

 

T1

T2

p-value (timing)

CES-D

COVID-19

15.3 ± 7.8

18.3 ± 8

p = 0.13

Non-COVID-19

26 ± 9.8

27.4 ± 9.7

p = 0.69

p-value (diagnosis)

p = 0.01

p = 0.04

/

HADS anxiety

COVID-19

8.3 ± 2.2

7.2 ± 4

p = 0.37

Non-COVID-19

9.4 ± 2.7

10.1 ± 2.8

p = 0.47

p-value (diagnosis)

p = 0.32

p = 0.08

/

HADS depression

COVID-19

9 ± 0.9

7.4 ± 3.5

p = 0.15

Non-COVID-19

10.1 ± 2.2

11.4 ± 3.3

p = 0.34

p-value (diagnosis)

p = 0.12

p = 0.02

/

IES-R

COVID-19

17.1 ± 9.9

18.2 ± 10

p = 0.45

Non-COVID-19

26.6 ± 10

30.4 ± 11.5

p = 0.31

p-value (diagnosis)

p = 0.049

p = 0.02

/

  1. COVID-19 Coronavirus disease 2019, CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (depression), IES-R Impact of Event Scale-Revised, HADS Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (depression or anxiety version)