Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of patients at ICU admission

From: Epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia in ICU COVID-19 patients: an alarming high rate of multidrug-resistant bacteria

Characteristics

Total

VAP

No VAP

p value a

284

94

190

Age, median (IQR)

66 (58–73)

66.5 (57–73)

66 (58–74)

0.806

Male, n (%)

203 (71.5)

60 (63.8)

143 (75.3)

0.245

Female, n (%)

81 (28.5)

34 (36.2)

47 (24.7)

0.245

BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR)

27.7 (25–31)

28.2 (25.4–32.4)

27.6 (25–30.5)

0.134

SOFA score, median* (IQR)

4.5 (3–7)

6 (4–8)

4 (3–7)

0.007

APACHE II score, median* (IQR)

12 (8–17)

13 (9–19)

11.5 (7–16)

0.068

Comorbidities, n (%)

 Arterial hypertension

156 (54.9)

51 (54.3)

105 (55.2)

0.873

 Cardiovascular diseases

66 (23.2)

28 (29.8)

38 (20.0)

0.067

 Diabetes

50 (17.6)

17 (18.1)

33 (17.3)

0.897

 Obesity a

100 (35.2)

40 (42.5)

60 (31.6)

0.069

 Chronic renal disease b

13 (4.6)

5 (5.3)

8 (4.2)

0.675

 Chronic liver disease

3 (1.0)

3 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

N.A

 Chronic lung disease

38 (13.4)

16 (17.0)

22 (11.6)

0.206

 Previous neoplasm c

14 (4.9)

6 (6.4)

8 (4.2)

0.719

 Chronic neurological disorders

29 (10.2)

14 (14.9)

15 (7.9)

0.067

 Autoimmune diseases

29 (10.2)

8 (8.5)

21 (11.0)

0.507

 Other chronical diseases

38 (13.4)

12 (12.7)

26 (13.7)

0.831

Clinical characteristics

 Previous surgery in last month

11 (3.9)

4 (4.2)

7 (3.7)

0.815

 Previous hospitalization last 6 months

21 (7.4)

7 (7.4)

14 (7.4)

0.981

 Pre-ICU hospitalization, days

6 (± 8.0)

4.7 (± 5.5)

6.6 (± 9.0)

0.072

 Total days on mechanical ventilation

26.9 (± 19.9)

32.0 (± 18.6)

24.3 (± 20.0)

0.002

 ICU length of stay, days

29.3 (± 19.8)

33.4 (± 18.4)

27.3 (± 20.2)

0.015

 Renal placement therapy, no. (%)

27 (9.5)

11 (11.7)

16 (8.4)

0.835

 Barotrauma, no. (%)

19 (6.7)

4 (4.3)

15 (7.9)

0.250

 Pronation d

109 (38.4)

32 (34)

77 (40.5)

0.282

 Blood transfusion

104 (36.2)

45 (47.8)

59 (31.0)

0.006

 Tocilizumab/Sarilumab

56 (19.5)

26 (27.6)

30 (15.8)

0.018

 Pre-OTI antibiotic therapy e

149 (51.9)

55 (58.5)

94 (49.5)

0.152

Outcome

 ICU discharged, patients, no. %

164 (57.8)

50 (53.2)

114 (60.0)

0.276

 ICU mortality, patients, no. %

120 (42.2)

44 (46.8)

76 (40.0)

0.276

 30-day mortality, no. %

104 (36.6)

35 ((37.2)

69 (36.3)

0.880

 60-day mortality, no. %

119 (41.9)

43 (45.7)

76 (40)

0.358

  1. IQR Interquartile range, ICU Intensive care unit, BMI Body mass index, *SOFA score Sequential organ failure assessment and APACHE II score, acute physiologic, and chronic health evaluation at ICU admission. aObesity is defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2; bStages 3–5 of CKD, chronic kidney disease; cIncludes solid neoplasia or hematological malignancy in the last 5 years; dAt least one cycle of 12 h; e30 days before orotracheal intubation