Table 6 Characteristics and outcomes of retrieved trials for the outcome “Arrhythmias”
From: Cardiac complications in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review
Arrhythmias | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Authors | Age (years) all patients | Age (years) treatment group | Age (years) control group | Sex M/F+ | Cardiological comorbidities (n° pts) | Other comorbidities (n° pts) | COVID-19 severity | Type of arrhythmia (n° pts or cases-controls) | Other no cardiac complications (n° pts) | Outcome (n° pts or cases-controls) |
Amaratunga et al. [11] | 55/60/78/73+ | NA | NA | 2/2 | Coronary heart disease (2) Hypertension (2) Dyslipidemia (2) Aortic stenosis (1) | Hyperthyroidism (2) | Severe acute respiratory failure hypoxic, resulting intubation, and mechanical ventilation | Sinus Bradycardia (4) | NA | NA |
Cao et al. [15] | 54 (37–67)§ | 66 (54–76)§ | 31 (35–62)§ | 53/49 | Hypertension (28) Diabetes (11) Cardiovascular disease (5) Cerebrovascular diseases (6) | Respiratory diseases (10) Malignancy (4) Chronic kidney disease (4) Chronic liver disease (2) | Patients subjected to mechanical ventilation, ECMO, and CRRT | Unspecified (7–11) | Shock (10) ARDS (20) Acute infections (17) Acute kidney damage (20) Chronic kidney damage (34) ECMO (3) Mechanical ventilation (7) CRRT (4) | Death (6–11) Discharge (12–73) |
Chen et al. [16] | 57.6 (44.9–70.3)§ | 56.1 ± 13.5 ° | 61.7 ± 9.6° | 36/18 | Hypertension (16) Diabetes (25) Coronary heart disease (6) | NA | Severe condition if: Respiratory distress, RR > 30 acts/min or SpO2 < 93% rest or P/F < 300 Critical condition if: Mechanical ventilation or shock or failure of other organs that requires intensive monitoring and treatment | Sinus tachycardia (38) Premature beatings (10) Ventricular tachycardia (3) Atrial fibrillation (1) AV block (2) Sinus Bradycardia (3) | AKI (18) | NA |
Deng et al. [19] | 65 (49–70.8)§ | 56 (39–67)§ | 68 (57–77)§ | 57/55 | Hypertension (36) Diabetes (19) Coronary heart disease (15) Atrial fibrillation (4) | COPD (4) | Severe patients if: Respiratory distress and RR > 30 acts/min or SpO2 < 93% or P/F < 300 Critical patients if: Respiratory failure with ventilation mechanical or shock or multi-organ failure requiring hospitalization in ICU | Tachycardia (11–22) | Mechanical ventilation (28) ECMO (3) | Death (14) Discharge (37) |
Du et al. [22] | 65.8 ± 14.2° | NA | NA | 62/23 | Hypertension (32) Diabetes (19) Coronary heart disease (10) Cerebrovascular diseases (7) | Chronic liver disease (5) Chronic kidney disease (3) COPD (2) Malignancy (6) | On the recommendations by the National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China (fifth edition) | Unspecified (51) | Respiratory failure (80) Shock (69) ARDS (63) Acute liver injury (38) Sepsis (28) | Death (51) |
Dweck et al. [24] | 62 (52–71)§ | 64 (53–73)§ | 60 (51–69)§ | 844/365 | Hypertension (445) Diabetes (233) Ischemic heart disease (167) Heart failure (113) Valvular disease (80) | NA | Patients in critical care setting (ICU, coronary care unit, emergency room, cardiac catheter laboratory) | Ventricular arrhythmia (33–5) | NA | NA |
Guo et al. [25] | 58.5 (14.66)° | 53.53 (13.22)° | 34 (65.4)° | 91/96 | Smoking (18) Hypertension (61) Coronary heart disease (21) Cardiomyopathy (8) Diabetes (28) | COPD (4) Malignancy (13) Chronic kidney disease (6) | NA | Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (2–9) | ARDS (46) Acute coagulopathy (42) Liver injury (19) Kidney injury (18) Mechanical ventilation (45) | Death (12-31) |
Kunal et al. [32] | 51.2 ± 17.7° | 60.9 ± 15.1° | 47.9 ± 17.4° | 70/38 | Hypertension (41) Diabetes (35) Cardiovascular disease (14) Dyslipidemia (6) Heart failure (1) | COPD (6) | NA | Ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (2) Sinus bradycardia (1) | Sepsis (25) ARDS (12) AKI (8) Diabetic ketoacidosis (3) Intracranial hemorrhage (1) | NA |
Peigh et al. [38] | 70–81+ | NA | NA | 1/1 | Ascending aorta aneurism (1) Hypertension (1) | Obstructive sleep apnea (1) | Mechanical ventilation | Sinus bradycardia (2) First-degree AV block (1) | Respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation (2) | NA |
Seecheran et al. [41] | 46+ | NA | NA | 1/0 | NA | NA | NA | Atrial flutter (1) Atrial fibrillation (1) | NA | Discharge (1) |
Villanueva et al. [49] | 68+ | NA | NA | 1/0 | Atrial flutter (1) Obesity (1) Hypertension (1) Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (1) Pacemaker (1) Heart failure (1) Diabetes (1) | Chronic kidney disease stage 3 (1) | NA | Atrial fibrillation (1) | Interstitial pneumonia (1) Mechanical ventilation (1) | NA |
Yu et al. [54] | 64 (57-70)§ | NA | NA | 139/87 | Hypertension (96) Coronary heart disease (22) Myocardial infarction (6) Congestive heart failure (4) Diabetes (47) Cerebrovascular disease (15) | Chronic pulmonary disease (15) Chronic hepatopathy (3) Chronic nephrosis (8) Malignancy (10) | RR > 40 acts/min, PaO2 < 60 mmHg, SpO2 < 90% with oxygen support of ≥7 L/min for at least 30 min, PaCO2 > 50 mmHg, hemodynamic instability, use of vasopressors, GCS ≤ 12, CRRT | Atrial fibrillation (18) Supraventricular tachycardia (2) Ventricular tachycardia (1) | ARDS (161) Shock (36) AKI (57) Bacterial or fungal infection (49) Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (7) | Death (9) Discharge from ICU (13) ICU (204) |
Zhang et al. [56] | 55 (39–66.5)§ | 62 (52-74)§ | 51 (36–64.3)§ | 108/113 | Hypertension (54) Diabetes (22) Cardiovascular disease (22) Cerebrovascular disease (15) | COPD (6) Chronic kidney disease (6) Chronic liver disease (7) Malignancy (9) | Admission in ICU | Unspecified (22-2) | ARDS (48) Shock (15) AKI (10) CRRT (5) Mechanical ventilation (16) ECMO (10) | Death (12-0) Discharge (7-35) Hospitalization (36-131) |