Variable
|
Overall (n = 82)
|
NIV-failed (n = 44)
|
NIV-successful (n = 38)
|
p-value
|
---|
Laboratory results
|
Glicemia (mg/dL)
|
139.0 [117.0–177.0]
|
160.5 [129.5–202.5]
|
123.5 [112.0–154.0]
|
0.0039
|
Azotemia (mg/dL)
|
60.5 [46.2–71.0]
|
63.5 [49.5–96.0]
|
60.0 [45.0–69.0]
|
0.2284
|
Creatinine (mg/dL)
|
0.74 [0.61–0.96]
|
0.73 [0.56–1.09]
|
0.74 [0.66–0.91]
|
0.7802
|
eGFR (mL/min)
|
95.5 [73.3–106.7]
|
91.5 [66.7–99.3]
|
100.8 [88.8–113.3]
|
0.0104
|
Total protein (g/dL)
|
6.0 ± 0.6
|
6.1 ± 0.6
|
6.1 ± 0.6
|
0.7854
|
Albumin (g/dL)
|
0.7 [0.6–0.9]
|
2.9 ± 0.3
|
3.1 ± 0.4
|
0.0051
|
Bilirubin (mg/dL)
|
3.0 ± 0.4
|
0.8 [0.6–0.9]
|
0.7 [0.5–0.9]
|
0.4540
|
Ammonium (μg/dL)
|
84.0 [65.0–113.0]
|
84.0 [63.0–110.7]
|
85.5 [67.5–115.5]
|
0.9250
|
Sodium (mEq/L)
|
138.0 [136.0–140.0]
|
138.0 [136.0–143.0]
|
138.0 [136.0–140.0]
|
0.3287
|
Potassium (mEq/L)
|
4.4 ± 0.5
|
4.2 ± 0.4
|
4.6 ± 0.5
|
0.0013
|
Clorum (mEq/L)
|
102.0 [99.5–104.0]
|
103.0 [100.2–105.7]
|
102.0 [99.0–103.0]
|
0.1595
|
Calcium (mg/dL)
|
8.5 [8.1–8.8]
|
8.4 [8.1–8.6]
|
8.6 [8.3–8.9]
|
0.0443
|
Magnesium (mg/dL)
|
2.2 ± 0.3
|
2.3 [2.0–2.5]
|
2.2 [2.0–2.4]
|
0.8127
|
AST (U/L)
|
31.5 [25.0–48.2]
|
29.0 [23.0–45.5]
|
34.0 [27.0–50.0]
|
0.3218
|
ALT (U/L)
|
37.0 [26.0–56.0]
|
30.0 [20.0–42.5]
|
49.5 [28.0–79.0]
|
0.0016
|
LDH (U/L)
|
413.0 [319.5–598.0]
|
456.5 [348.0–614.5]
|
387.5 [299.0–550.0]
|
0.1344
|
CPK (U/L)
|
69.5 [40.5–141.5]
|
61.5 [45.0–132.0]
|
82.0 [34.0–156.0]
|
0.7168
|
Troponin (ng/L)
|
11.3 [5.0–21.3]
|
13.5 [8.4–38.6]
|
6.0 [3.7–13.9]
|
0.0008
|
Mioglobin (ng/mL)
|
62.3 [37.8–110.9]
|
75.5 [39.2–169.5]
|
49.9 [32.5–91.5]
|
0.0894
|
CK-MB (ng/mL)
|
1.7 [1.1–2.8]
|
2.1 [1.3–3.9]
|
1.3 [0.9–1.9]
|
0.0038
|
BNP (pg/mL)
|
53.0 [33.0–123.2]
|
86.0 [46.5–196.2]
|
34.0 [21.0–58.0]
|
0.0001
|
Hb (g/dL)
|
13.7 [12.2–14.6]
|
13.1 [12.1–13.9]
|
14.3 [12.4–14.9]
|
0.0327
|
WBC (× 103)
|
11.0 [8.1–13.3]
|
11.8 [9.1–13.3]
|
10.1 [7.6–13.3]
|
0.1017
|
Neutrophil (× 103)
|
9.6 [7.0–11.7]
|
10.3 [8.0–12.0]
|
8.4 [6.9–10.9]
|
0.0542
|
Lymphocytes
|
727 [536–999]
|
758 ± 330
|
850 ± 348
|
0.2255
|
Eosinophil
|
85 [48–154]
|
96 [53–156]
|
78 [39–149]
|
0.2906
|
Monocyte
|
437 [318–627]
|
433 [317–580]
|
476 [322–700]
|
0.5121
|
Basophil
|
13 [8–24]
|
13 [10–24]
|
12 [5–21]
|
0.2182
|
Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
|
12.1 [8.8–18.0]
|
15.1 [10.4–19.7]
|
10.3 [7.4–14.4]
|
0.0080
|
Platelet (× 103)
|
266.6 ± 103.9
|
247.4 ± 104.6
|
288.8 ± 99.9
|
0.0714
|
aPTT (sec)
|
29.9 [26.8–32.8]
|
31.2 [29.3–34.0]
|
27.9 [25.9–30.6]
|
0.0041
|
INR
|
1.13 [1.04–1.23]
|
1.19 [1.04–1.31]
|
1.12 [1.04–1.18]
|
0.0921
|
Firbinogen (mg/dL)
|
538.5 [471.0–670.0]
|
505.5 [424.5–588.0]
|
596.0 [512.0–699.0]
|
0.0166
|
D-dimer (ng/mL)
|
1060.0 [680.7–2495.0]
|
1460.0 [860.0–3825.0]
|
820.0 [530.0–1260.0]
|
0.0037
|
AT III (%)
|
86.3 ± 15.9
|
82.4 ± 16.2
|
90.8 ± 14.4
|
0.0161
|
CRP (mg/dL)
|
7.3 [3.6–12.7]
|
8.9 [5.1–14.2]
|
6.1 [3.6–9.4]
|
0.0762
|
PCT (ng/mL)
|
0.10 [0.06–0.23]
|
0.13 [0.09–0.35]
|
0.08 [0.05–0.14]
|
0.0141
|
SOFA score
|
3 [3–4]
|
4 [3–5]
|
3 [3–4]
|
0.0808
|
Therapies
|
Tocilizumab (%)
|
16 (19.5%)
|
6 (13.6%)
|
10 (26.3%)
|
0.1490
|
Eculizumab (%)
|
2 (2.4%)
|
1 (2.3%)
|
1 (2.6%)
|
0.9163
|
Remdesivir (%)
|
6 (7.3%)
|
2 (4.5%)
|
4 (10.5%)
|
0.2997
|
- The table reports the statistical comparison of laboratory findings and therapies between the groups. Frequencies are expressed as numbers and percentages (%). Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median, first and third quartile [q1–q3]. In case of missing data, statistics were performed on available data. Differences in frequencies were tested with the chi-square test. Differences in continuous variables were tested with two-tailed Student’s t-test (equal variance) or Welch’s test (unequal variance) or, for not normally distributed continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney test. All tests were performed with an α = 0.05, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant