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Table 2 Patient characteristics and clinical, laboratory, and CT findings relative to intubated and non-intubated patients

From: Predictors of intubation and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a retrospective study

Variable

All patients

(n= 158)

Non-intubated

n=102

Intubated

n=56

Total

(158)

OR (univariable)

Cut point

AUC

Age (year)

158

63 (55–71)

62 (56–68)

62 (55–70)

0.90 (0.59–1.37, p=0.619

64

0.53

Sex

       

 Male

 

72 (71)

46 (82)

118 (75)

 

-

-

 Female

 

30 (29)

10 (18)

40 (25)

0.52 (0.22–1.14, p=0.113)

-

-

PaO2/FIO2

154

280 (246–314)

223 (168–278)*

264 (21–312)

0.43 (0.26–0.68, p< 0.001)

245

0.68

SpO2 (%)

156

93 (90–95)

88 (79–97)*

92 (88–96)

0.55 (0.39–0.75, p< 0.001)

88.4

0.66

Symptom onset

151

7 (5–10)

7 (5–10)

7 (5–10)

0.92 (0.56–1.49, p=0.733)

1

0.51

Body mass index (kg/m2)

107

27.3 (24–31)

27.7 (25–31)

27.5 (24–31)

0.96 (0.64–1.45, p=0.859)

27.6

0.53

Comorbidity

       

 Hypertension

158

53 (52.0%)

25 (45%)

78 (49%)

0.75 (0.39–1.43, p=0.379)

-

-

 Coronary artery disease

158

11 (11%)

6 (11%)

17 (11%)

1.00 (0.34–2.66, p=0.996)

-

-

 Other cardiovascular disease

158

6 (6%)

3 (5%)

9 (6%)

0.91 (0.19–3.58, p=0.892)

-

-

 Neurologic disease

158

3 (3%)

5 (9%)

8 (5%)

3.24 (0.76–16.28, p=0.118)

-

-

 Diabetes

158

23 (23%)

11 (20%)

34 (22%)

0.84 (0.36–1.85, p=0.671)

-

-

 Chronic kidney failure

158

6 (6%)

2 (4%)

8 (5%)

0.59 (0.08–2.67, p=0.530)

-

-

 Oncologic

158

8 (8%)

6 (11%)

14 (9%)

1.41 (0.44–4.28, p=0.545)

-

-

 Dyslipidemia

158

16 (16%)

7 (13%)

23 (15%)

0.77 (0.28–1.93, p=0.588)

-

-

 COPD

158

5 (5%)

0 (0.0)

5 (3%)

Not estimable

-

-

 Asthma

158

4 (4%)

0 (0.0)

4 (4%)

Not estimable

-

-

 Autoimmune disease

158

7 (7%)

5 (9%)

12 (8%)

1.33 (0.38–4.38, p=0.640)

-

-

 Mental illness

158

4 (4%)

2 (4%)

6 (4%)

0.91 (0.12–4.81, p=0.912)

-

-

Smoking history

158

      

 Never

 

95 (93%)

51 (91%)

146 (92%)

-

-

-

 Current or former

 

7 (7%)

5 (9%)

12 (8%)

1.33 (0.38–4.38, p=0.640)

-

-

CT findings

       

 Well-aerated parenchyma

158

74 (64–84)

63 (52–74)*

68 (58–79)

0.37 (0.22–0.58, p< 0.001)

67.7

0.7

 Ground glass opacity

158

23 (14–32)

33 (24–42)*

25 (16–35)

2.50 (1.52–4.26, p< 0.001)

28.4

0.67

 Other: consolidation and fibrosis

158

3 (0.7–5)

7 (2.2–11)*

3 (0.3–7)

2.13 (1.46–3.26, p< 0.001)

5.8

0.68

Laboratory findings

       

 White blood count, X 103/μL

158

5.9 (4.3–7.4)

6.6 (4–9)*

6.1 (4.1–8.1)

1.50 (1.06–2.18, p=0.026)

7.03

0.58

 Lymphocyte count, X 103/μL

158

1.1 (0.8–1.4)

0.9 (0.7–1.2)*

1 (0.7–1.3)

0.56 (0.33–0.90, p=0.024)

1.06

0.61

 C-reactive protein, mg/dL

158

7 (3–12)

12 (5–19)*

8 (2–14)

3.37 (1.92–6.22, p< 0.001)

11.3

0.68

 Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

158

694 (494–894)

870 (641–1091)*

766 (560–972)

2.20 (1.39–3.67, p=0.001)

796

0.69

 Glycemia, mg/dL

158

113 (91–134)

133 (113–152)

121 (99–142)

1.11 (0.88–1.42, p=0.373)

128

0.61

 Fibrinogen, mg/dL

63

583 (520–646)

577 (490–664)

581 (506–656)

0.91 (0.59–1.39, p=0.667)

538

0.58

 Ferritin, ng/mL

48

1082 (641–1523)

1330 (563–2096)

1111.5 (629–1594)

1.63 (0.92–3.03, p=0.098)

1514

0.61

 Procalcitonin

103

0.1 (0.05––0.2)

0.2 (0.05–0.4)

0.1 (0–0.2)

1.04 (1.00–1.13, p=0.154)

0.14

0.73

 Troponin ng/L

93

11 (4–18)

12 (1–23)

11 (3–20)

0.99 (0.92–1.03, p=0.751)

17

0.58

  1. Descriptive statistics were reported as median and interquartile range for continuous variables and percentages (absolute numbers) for categorical variables. The logistic regression model, odds ratio (OR) together with the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), and p values are shown for each predictor considered. Asterisks show statistical significance variables. The cut point maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity is shown for the continuous variable together with the corresponding area under the curve (AUC)